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STOKES, MALCOLM

Oceanographer

Degrees:

• B.S., Queens University, Canada
• Ph.D., UCSD, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Research Interests:

• Air-sea gas exchange via bubble formation
• High pressure gas sensing
• Polar biology, Reef biology
• Sensor technology and development
• Optical image processsing

Courses Recently Taught:

• SIO274: Natural History Below the Tide

1999. An optical instrument for the study of bubbles at high void fractions within breaking waves. IEEE Research Series: 24:300-312.

1999. An optical oxygen sensor and reaction vessel for high-pressure applications. Limnology and Oceanography: 44:189-195.

1999. Polar winter: A biological model for impact events and related dark/cold climatic changes. Climate Research: 41:151-173.

2000. Overwintering strategies of polar organisms. Environmental Reviews: 8:1-19.

2001. A simple buoyant craft for autonomous exploration. Acta Astronautica: 50:167-172.

2001. Measurements of large bubbles in open-ocean whitecaps. Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces,: M. A. Donelan, W. M. Drennan, E. S. Saltzman, and R. Wanninkhof, Eds., Geophysical Monograph 127, W

Deane, G.B and M.D. Stokes:: "A robust single-cable sensor array for oceanographic use." ." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 27 (2002), 760-767.

Deane, G.B and M.D. Stokes: "Scale dependency of bubble creation mechanisms in breaking waves." Nature, 418 (2002), 839-844.

Cockell, C., Stokes, M.D., Lee, P.C., Criswick,J, Messier, D and D.J. White: "The Twenty-one Eleven Foundation for Exploration - fostering links between Earth and space exploration", Space Policy, 18 (2002), 301-306.

Denny, M.W., Miller, L.P. Stokes, M.D and J.H. Hunt: "Topographical amplification of wave-induced water velocities in the surf zone of rocky shores." Limnology and Oceanography, 48 (2003), 1-8.

Cockell, C.S., Rettberg, P., Horneck, G., Scherer, K and M.D. Stokes: “Measurements of microbial protection from ultraviolet radiation in polar terrestrial microhabitats,” Polar Biology, 26 (2003), 6

Stokes, M.D., G.B. Deane, M. Latz and J. Rohr: “Bioluminescence Imaging of Wave-Induced Tubulence,” Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004), 1871-1880.

Deane, G.B. and M.D. Stokes: “A quantitative model for flow- Induced bioluminescence in dinoflagellates,” Accepted by J. Theoretical Biology, 16 pgs.

Cockell, C.S. and M.D. Stokes. “Widespread colonization by polar hypoliths" Nature 431:414 (2004)

Deane, G.B. and M.D. Stoke: "A quantitative model for flow-induced bioluminescence in dinoflagellates. " Journal of Theoretical Biology, 237:147-169 (2005).

Leichter, J, G.B. Deane and M.D. Stokes (2005) "Spatial and temporal variability of internal wave forcing on a coral reef." Journal of Physical Oceanography. 35:1945-1962 (2005).

Cockell, C.S. and M.D. Stokes. (2006) " Hypolithic Colonization of Opaque Rocks in the Arctic and Antarctic Polar Desert" Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research. 38(3): 335-342

Thode, A.M., Gerstoft, P., Burgess, W.C., Sabra, K., Guerra , M., Stokes, M.D., Noad, M.J. and Cato, D.H. (July 2006) “A portable matched-field processing system using passive acoustic time synchronization.” IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. 31(3):696-710

Deane, G.B.D and M.D. Stokes (2006) "The acoustic signature of bubbles fragmenting in sheared flow." J. Acoustic. Soc. Am. Express Letters. 120 (6) EL84-EL89. DOI: 10.1121/1.2364466

Dunlop, R.A., M.J. Node, D. Cato and M.D. Stokes (2007) "The social vocalization repertoire of east Australian migrating Humpback whales (Megaptera novaengliae)." J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122: 2893-2905

Callaghan, A.H., Deane, G.B., and M.D. Stokes (2008)"Observed physical and environmental causes of scatter in whitecap coverage values in a fetch-limited coastal zone." J. Geophys. Res. 113: C05022, 14 pages

Leichter, J.J. Stokes, M.D. and S.J. Genovese (2008) "Deep water macroalgal communities adjacent to the Florida Keys reef tract." Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 356: 123-138

Miksis-Olds, J.L., Buck, J.R, M.J. Node, Cato, D.H. and M.D. Stokes (2008) "Information theory analysis of Australian humpback whale song." J. Acous. Soc. Am. (in press)

Stokes MD (2008) "Automated processing of coral reef benthic imagery." Limnology and Oceanography Methods (in press)

Dunlop, RA, Cato DH, Stokes MD and MJ Node (2008) "Context-specific variation in vocalization amplitude level in humpback whales" J. Acos. Soc. Am. (in press)