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ARMI, LAURENCE

Professor of Oceanography

Degrees:

• B.S., Harvey Mudd College, California
• M.S., University of Southern California
• Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley

Research Interests:

• Stratified flows in the ocean, atmosphere, laboratory, and engineering applications
• Oceanic mixing and circulation
• Coherent vortices (meddies)

Courses Recently Taught:

• MAE 216: Turbulence and Mixing
• MAE216: Turbulence and Mixing
• SIO 213: Turbulence and Mixing
• SIO213: Turbulence and Mixing

Honors and Awards:

• Nominated for the 2005 SIO Graduate Teaching Award

Mentoring:

• Petro, Timothy (MAE) (Masters; 2004-2006)
• Pawlak, Geno (Graduate; 1992-1997)
• Washburn, Libe (Post Doc; 1984-1985)
• Williams, Richard (Graduate; 1982-1991)
• Flament, Pierre (Graduate; 1981-1986)
• Hedstrom, Katherine (Graduate; 1981-1987)
• D'Asaro, Eric (Graduate; 1976-1980)

Armi, L. and Millard, Jr., R.C., 1976. The bottom boundary layer of the deep ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 4983-4990.

Armi, L., 1977. The dynamics of the bottom boundary layer of the deep ocean. In: Bottom Turbulence , J.C.J. Nihoul, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, pp. 153-164.

Armi, L., 1978. Some evidence for boundary mixing in the deep ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 83, 1971-1979.

Armi, L., 1978. Mixing in the deep ocean - the importance of boundaries, Oceanus, 21, 14-19.

Armi, L., 1979. Reply to comments by C. Garrett on "Some evidence for boundary mixing in the deep ocean." J. Geophys. Res., 84, 5097-5098.

Armi, L., 1979. Effects of variations in eddy diffusivity on property distributions in the oceans. J. Mar. Res., 37, 515-530.

Armi, L. and D'Asaro, E., 1980. Flow structures of the benthic ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 85, 469-484.

Armi, L., 1980. Anomalous water in the deep ocean suggest lateral advection/stirring. Science, 208, 1061-1062.

Ad Hoc CO2/Climate Review Panel, 1982, Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Second Assessment, National Academy Press, Washington D.C. Armi, L. and Haidvogel, D.B., 1982. Effects of variable and anisotropic diffusivities in a steady state diffusion model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 785-794.

Armi, L. and Bray, N.A., 1982. A standard analytic curve of potential temperature vs. salinity for the Western North Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 384-387.

Armi, L. and Stommel, H., 1983. Four views of a portion of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 828-857.

Armi, L. and Zenk, W., 1984. Large lenses of highly saline Mediterranean Water. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 1560-1576.

Stommel, H. and Armi, L., 1984. Un modèle inertio-hydraulique de convection thermique. A hydraulic-inertial model of thermal convection. Comptes Rendus, 299, Série II, 937-942.

Armi, L. and Farmer, D., 1985. The internal hydraulics of the Strait of Gibraltar and associated sills and narrows, Oceanologica Acta, 8, 37-46.

Flament, P. and Armi, L., 1985. A series of satellite images showing the development of shear instabilities, EOS, 66(27), 523 and cover.

Flament, P., Armi, L. and Washburn, L., 1985. The evolving structure of an upwelling filament, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11,765-11,778.

Armi, L. and Flament, P., 1985. Cautionary remarks on the spectral interpretation of turbulent flows, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11,779-11,782.

Armi, L., 1986. The hydraulics of two flowing layers with different densities, J. Fluid Mech., 163, 27-58. Armi, L. and Farmer, D., 1986. Maximal two-layer exchange through a contraction with barotropic net flow, J. Fluid Mech., 164, 27-51.

Farmer, D. and Armi, L., 1986. Maximal two-layer exchange over a sill and through the combination of a sill and contraction with barotropic flow, J. Fluid Mech., 164, 53-76. Pratt, L. J. and Armi, L., 1987. Hydraulic control of flows with nonuniform potential vorticity. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 2016-2029.

Armi, L. and Farmer, D., 1987. On a generalization of the concept of maximal exchange in a strait. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14,679-14,680.

Hedstrom, K. and Armi, L., 1988. An experimental study of homogeneous lenses in a stratified rotating fluid. J. Fluid Mech., 191, 535-556.

Armi, L., Hebert, D., Oakey, N., Price, J., Richardson, P., Rossby, T. and Ruddick, B., 1988. The history and decay of a Mediterranean salt lens. Nature, 133, 649-651.

Washburn, L. and Armi, L., 1988. Observations of frontal instabilities on an upwelling filament. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 18, 1075-1092.

Armi, L., 1989. Hydraulic control of zonal currents on a -plane. J. Fluid Mech., 201, 357-377.

Armi, L., Hebert, D., Oakey, N., Price J., Richardson, P., Rossby, T. and Ruddick, B., 1989. Two years in the life of a Mediterranean salt lens. J. Phys. Oceanography, 19, 354-370.

Richardson, P.L., Walsh, D., Armi, L., Schröder, M. and Price, J.F., 1989. Tracking three Meddies with SOFAR floats. J. Phys. Oceanography, 19, 371-383.

Armi, L. and Farmer, D., 1988. The flow of Mediterranean Water through the Strait of Gibraltar. Progress in Oceanography, 21, 1-105. Farmer, D. and Armi, L., 1988. The flow of Atlantic Water through the Strait of Gibraltar. Progress in Oceanography, 21, 1-105.

Pratt, L. and Armi, L., 1990. Two-layer rotating hydraulics: Stangulation, remote and virtual controls. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 133, 587-617.

Zenk, W. and Armi, L., 1990. The complex spreading pattern of Mediterranean Water off the Portuguese continental slope. Deep-Sea Res., 17, 1805-1823.

Armi, L. and Williams, R., 1991. The Deep Western Boundary Undercurrent off the Newfoundland Ridge. Deep-Sea Res., 38, 371-391.

Williams, R. and Armi, L., 1991. The planetary boundary layer of the Deep Western Boundary Undercurrent. Deep-Sea Res., 38, 393-399.

Williams, R. and Armi, L., 1991. Two-layer hydraulics with comparable internal wave speeds. J. Fluid Mech., 230, 667-691.

Jenkins, S.A., Armi, L. and Wasyl, J., 1992. Glide optimization for cross country wave flights. Technical Soaring, 16, 3-16.

Armi, L. and Williams, R., 1993. The hydraulics of a stratified fluid flowing through a contraction. J. Fluid Mech., 251, 355-375.

Bower, A., Armi, L. and Ambar, I., 1995. Direct evidence of Meddy formation off the southwestern coast of Portugal. Deep-Sea Res., 42, 1621-1630.

Pawlak, G. and Armi, L., 1996. Stability and mixing of a two-layer exchange flow. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 24, 139-151. Bower, A., Armi, L. and Ambar, I., 1997. Lagrangian observations of Meddy formation during A Mediterranean Undercurrent Seeding Experiment (AMUSE). J. of Phys. Oceanography, 27, 2545-2575.

Pawlak, G. and Armi, L., 1997. Hydraulics of two-layer arrested wedge flows. J. of Hydraulic Res., 35, 603-618.

Dorman, C. E., Armi, L., Bane, J. M. and Rogers, D. P., 1998. Sea surface mixed layer during the June 10-11, 1994 coastally trapped event. Monthly Weather Review, 126, 600-619.

Ralph, F. M., Armi, L., Bane, J. M., Dorman, C., Neff, W. D., Neiman, P. J., Nuss, W. and Persson, P. O. G., 1998. Observations and analysis of the 10-11 June 1994 coastally trapped disturbance. Monthly Weather Review, 126, 2435-2465.

Pawlak, G. and Armi, L., 1998. Vortex dynamics in a spatially accelerating shear layer. J. of Fluid Mech., 376, 1-35.

Farmer, D. and Armi, L., 1999. The generation and trapping of solitary waves over topography. Science, 283, 188-190.

Ambar, I., Armi, L., Bower, A. and Ferreira, T., 1999. Some aspects of time variability of the Mediterranean Water off south Portugal. Deep-Sea Res. I, 46, 1109-1136.

Farmer, D. and Armi, L., 1999. Stratified flow over topography: The role of small scale entrainment and mixing in flow establishment. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 455, 3221-3258.

Flament, P. and Armi, L., 2000. The shear, convergence and thermohaline structure of a front. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 51-66.

Lumpkin, R., Flament, P., Kloosterziel, R. and Armi, L., 2000. Vortex merging in a 1½-layer fluid on an ƒ-plane. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 233-242.

Munk, W., Armi, L., Fischer, K. and Zachariasen, F., 2000. Spirals on the sea. Proc. Roy. Soc.Lond. A, 456, 1217-1280.

Pawlak, G. and Armi, L., 2000. Mixing and entrainment in developing stratified currents. J. Fluid Mech., 424, 45-73.

Farmer, D. and Armi, L. 2001. Stratified flow over topography: models versus observations. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 457, 2827-2830.

Flament, P., Lumpkin, R., Tournadre, J. and Armi, L., 2001. Vortex pairing in an unstable anticyclonic shear flow:discrete subharmonics of one pendulum day. J. Fluid Mech, 440, 401-409.

Armi, L. and Farmer, D. 2002. Stratified flow over topography: Bifurcation fronts and transition to the uncontrolled state. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 458, 513-538.

Cummins, P.F., Vagle, S., Armi, L. and Farmer, D. 2003. Stratified flow over topography: Upstream influence and generation of nonlinear internal waves. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 459, 1467-1487.

Moum, J.N., Farmer, D.M., Smyth, W.D., Armi, L., and Vagle, S. 2003. Structure and generation of turbulence at interfaces strained by internal solitary waves propagating shoreward over the continental shelf. J. Phys. Oceanography, 33, 2093-2112.

Mayr, G. J., Armi, L., Arnold, S., Banta, R. M., Darby, L. S., Durran, D. R., Gabersek, S., Gohm, A., Mayr, R., Mobbs, S., Nance, L. B., Vergeiner, I. Vergeiner, J. and Whiteman, C. D. 2004. GAP flow measurements during the Mesoscale Alpine Programme. Met. and Atm. Phys., 86, 99-119.

Eastwood, C. D., Armi, L. and Lasheras, J. C. 2004. The break-up of immiscible fluids in turbulent flows. J. Fluid Mech.,502, 309-333.

Siedler, G., Armi, L. and Mueller, T. J., 2005. Meddies and decadal changes at the Azores Front from 1980 to 2000. Deep-Sea Res. II, 55, 583-604.

Adachi, Y., Kawamura, K., Armi, L. and Keeling, R.F. 2006 Diffusive separation of the lower atmosphere. Science, 311, 1429.

Cummins, P.F., Armi, L. and Vagle, S. 2006. Upstream internal hydraulic jumps. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 753-769.

Armi, L. and Mayr, G. J. 2007. Continuously stratified flows across an alpine crest with a pass: Shallow and deep foehn. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 133, 459-477.

Mayr, G., Armi, L., Gohm, A., Zaengl, G., Durran, D. R., Flament, C., Gabersek, S., Mobbs, S., Ross, A., and Weissmann, M. 2007. Gap flows: Results from the Mesoscale Alpine Programme. Q. J. R. Met. Soc., 133, 881-896.

Moum, J. N., Farmer, D. N., Shroyer, E. L., Smyth, W. D. and Armi, L. 2007. Dissipative losses in nonlinear internal waves propagating across the Continental shelf. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 1989-1995.

Mayr, G.J. and Armi, L. 2008. Foehn as a response to changing upstream and downstream air masses. Q. J. R. Met. Soc., 134, 1357-1369.

Armi, L. and Riemenschneider, U. 2008. Two-Layer hydraulics for co-located crest and narrows. J. Fluid Mech., 615, 169-184.