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KASTNER, MIRIAM

Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences

Degrees:

• M.S., Hebrew University of Jerusalem
• Ph.D., Harvard University

Research Interests:

• The role of fluids in the transport of heat and solutes and into the ocean, atmosphere, and mantle in subduction zones
• Gas hydrates and global change
• Chemical paleoceanography
• Sedimentary geochemistry and diagenesis: mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic studies of recent and older sediments
• Processes responsible for the formation of submarine hydrothermal deposits
• The origin of present day and ancient phosphorites, dolomites, and cherts

Courses Recently Taught:

• SIO102: Introduction to Geochemistry
• SIO120: Introduction to Mineralogy
• SIO152: Petrology and Petrography
• SIO245: Sedimentary Geochemistry
• SIO245: Marine Sediments-Paleo Proxies

Honors and Awards:

• Maurice Ewing Medal, American Geophysical Union, 2008
• Fellow, Geological Society of America, 2004
• Hans Pettersson Medal, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1999
• Fellow, Geochemical Society and The European Association for Geochemistry, 1998
• Fellow, American Geophysical Union, 1997
• Distinguished Lecturer, Joint Oceanographic Institution, 1995-1996
• Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar, 1993 - 1994 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1993
• Ocean Science Education Award: Office of Naval Research, 1991
• Award for Service through Chemistry: American Chemical Society, 1984
• Honorary Doctorate, University of Paris XI, France, 1984
• Distinguished Lecturer, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1983 - 1984
• Guggenheim Fellow, 1982
• Newcomb Cleveland Prize, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1980
• Fulbright Grant, 1964

Mentoring:

• Maloney, Jillian (Graduate; 2007-)
• Hangsterfer, Alexandra (Graduate; 2005-)
• Solomon, Evan (Graduate; 2001-2007)
• Solem, Richard (Masters; 1999-2003)
• Wei, Wei (Graduate; 1999-2007)
• Cobb, Kim (Graduate; 1996-2002)
• Brown, Kimberly (Masters; 1994-1997)
• Kim, Dong Seon (Graduate; 1991-1996)
• Paytan, Adina (Graduate; 1989-1995)
• Martin, Jonathan (Graduate; 1987-1993)
• Leather, James (Graduate; 1986-1994)
• Apitz, Sabine (Graduate; 1984-1988)
• Schuffert, Jeffrey (Graduate; 1984-1992)
• Sturz, Anne (Graduate; 1983-1991)
• Hinman, Nancy (Graduate; 1981-1987)
• Stout, Paul (Graduate; 1979-1985)
• Haymon, Rachel (Graduate; 1976-1982)
• Baker, Paul (Graduate; 1975-1981)
• Kent, Douglas (Graduate; 1975-1983)
• Walawender, Sonja (Masters; 1975-1979)
• Hillson, Jan (Masters; 1973-1976)
• Keene, John (Graduate; 1971-1976)
• Stonecipher, Sharon (Graduate; 1970-1977)
• , (Graduate; -)
• Chambers, S. (Post Doc; -)
• Delaney, M. (Post Doc; -)
• Deyhle, A. (Post Doc; -)
• Kano, K. (Post Doc; -)
• Kushnir, J. (Post Doc; -)
• Paytan, A. (Post Doc; -)
• Ransom, B. (Post Doc; -)
• Ruiz, M.F. (Post Doc; -)
• Schimmelmann, A. (Post Doc; -)
• Solomon, E. (Post Doc; -)
• Valentine, D. (Post Doc; -)
• Weinstein, Y. (Post Doc; -)

2008 Solomon, E.A., Kastner, M., and MacDonald, I.R., Considerable methane fluxes to the atmosphere from hydrocarbon plumes in the Gulf of Mexico, Science, submitted.

2008 Solomon, E.A., Kastner, M., Wheat, C.G., Jannasch, H., Robertson, G., Davis, E.E., and Morris, J.D. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters. Submitted, Nov. 2008. 2008 Wei W., Kastner, M., and Spivack, A., Reply to comment on chlorine stable isotopes and halogen Concentrations in convergent margins with implications for Cl isotopes cycle in the ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters. Doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.023.

2008 Kastner,M., Claypool, G., and Robertson, G., Geochemical constraints on the origin of pore fluids gas hydrate distribution at Atwater Valley and Keathley Canyon, Northern Gulf of Mexico. Special Edition on Scientific Results of 2005 Chevron JIP Drilling for Methane Hydrates Objectives in the Gulf of Mexico, Ruppel, C., Boswell, R., and Jones, E. Edts., Marine and Petroleum Geology, 25, 860-872. doi:10.1016/ j.marpetgeo.2008.01.022.

2008 Malinvero, A. Kastner, M., Torres, M.E., and Wortmann, U.G., Gas hydrate saturation from pore water chlorinity and downhole logs in a transect across the northern Cascadia margin (Intergrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 311), J. Geophys. Res., 113: B08103, doi: 10.1029/2008JB005702.

2008 Torres, M.E., Tréhu, A.M., Cespedes, N., Kastner, M., Wortmann, U.G., Kim, J-H., Long, P., Malinvero, A., Pohlman, J.W., Riedel, M., and Collet, T., Methane hydrate formation in Turbidite sediments of northern Cascadia, IODP Expedition 311, Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 271:170-180.

2008 Wei, W., Kastner, M., and Spivack, A., Chlorine stable isotopes and halogen concentrations in convergent margins with implications for the Cl isotopes cycle in the ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 266: 90-104.

2008 Solomon, E.A., Kastner, M., Jannasche, H., Robertson, G., and Weinstein, Y., Dynamic fluid flow and chemical fluxes associated with a seafloor gas hydrate deposit on the northern Gulf of Mexico slope. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 270: 95-105, doi:101016/j.epsl.2008.03.024.

2008 Newman, K.R., Cormier, M-H., Weissel, J.K., Driscoll, N.W., Kastner, M., Solomon, E.A., Robertson, G. Hill, J.C., Singh, H. Camilli, R., and Eustice, R., Active methane venting observed at giant seafloor pockmarks along the U.S. mid-Atlantic shelf break. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 267: 341-352.

2008 Kastner, M., Torres, M., Solomon, E., and Spivack, A.J., Marine pore fluid profiles of dissolved Sulfate; do they reflect in situ methane fluxes? Fire in the Ice, DOE, Summer 2008: 6-8.

2008 Kastner, M., Spivack, A.J., Torres, M., Solomon, E., Borole,, D.V., Robertson, G.A., and Das, H.C., Gas hydrates in three Indian Ocean regions, a comparative study of occurrence and subsurface Hydrology. Proceed. 6th Interntl. Conf. on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008), Vancouver, BC, Canada, 1-6.

2008 Torres, M.E., and Kastner, M., Clues about carbon cycling in methane bearing sediments using stable isotopes of the dissolved inorganic carbon: Data Report, IODP Expedition 311. Proceed. Of IODP Scientific Results Volume 311. Collet, T., Riedel, M. andMalone, M.J. eds., 311: In press.

2006 Kastner, M., Solomon, E., Wei, W., Chan, L.H., and Sarther, O.M., Chemical and isotopic compositions of pore fluids and sediments from across the Middle America Trench, offshore Costa Rica. Proceed. Of ODP, Scientific results Volume 205,Morris, J., Villinger, H.W., and Klaus, A. eds.,205, 1-21.

2006 Solomon, E., Kastner, M., Robertson, G., Barium cycling at the Costa Rica convergent margin. In: Proceed. Of ODP Scientific Results Volume 205, Morris, J., Villinger, HW.., and Klaus, A.., eds., 205, 1-22.

2006 Kastner, M., Becker, K., Davis, E.E., Fisher, A.T., Jamnnasch, H.W., Solomon, E.A., and Wheat, G., New insights into the hydrogeology of the ocean crust through long-term monitoring, Oceanography, 19: 30-41.

2005 Clifft, P.D., Chan L.H., Blusztajn, J., Layne, G.D., Kastner, M., and Kelly, B.K., Pulsed subduction accretion and tectonic erosion reconstructed since 2.5 Ma from the tephra record offshore Costa Rica. G3, V. 6,doi:10.1029/2005GC000963.

2005 Valentine, D.L., Kastner, M., Wardlaw, G.D., Wang, X., Purdy, A., and Bartlett, D.H., Biogeochemical investigations of marine methane seeps, Hydrate Ridge, OR., J. Geophys. Res.,110, (17 p.) G02005, doi:10.1029/2005JG000025.

2005 Lanoil, B.D., La Duc, M.T., Wright, M., Kastner, M., Nealson, K.H., and Bartlett, D., Archaesl diversity in ODP legacy borehole 892b and associated seawater and sediments of the Cascadia margin. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. Doi:10.1016/j.femsec.2005.03.01.5

2005 Kastner, M., Bartlett, D., MacDonald, I., and Solomon, E., CH4 fluxes across the seafloor at three distinct gas hydrate fields: impacts on ocean atmosphere chemistry. Proceedings 5th Interntl. Confer.Gas Hydrates, Norway, V. 3, 3002, 709-713.

2005 Solomon, E., Kastner, M., Robertson, G., Jannasch, H., and Weinstein, Y., Insights into the dynamics of in situ hydrate formation and dissociation at the Bush Hill gas hydrate field, Gulf of Mexico. Proceeding 5th Interntl. Confer. Gas Hydrates, Norway V. 3, 3035, 947-953.

2005 Wei, W., Kastner, M., Deyhle, A., and Spivack, A.J., Geochemical cycling of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and boron and implications for fluid-rock reactions Mariana forearc, South Chamorro seamount.. Proceed. of ODP, Scientific Results Volume 195. 1-15.

2004 Kastner, M. and Rudnicki, M.D. Ridge Flank sediment – fluid interactions. In: Davis E. and Elderfield H. eds., Hydrogeology of the Ocean Lithosphere¸ 536-573. Cambridge University Press.

2004 Paytan,A. Kastner, M., Campbell, D., and Thiemens, M.H. Seawater sulfur isotope fluctuations in the Cretaceous. Science 304, 1663-1665.

2004 Wheat, C.G., Jannasch, H.W., Kastner, M., Plant, J.N., DeCarlo, E.H., and Lebon, G., Venting Formation fluids from deep sea boreholes in a ridge flank setting: ODP Sites 1025 and 1026. G3 , V. 10, Q08007, doi:1029/2004GC000710.

2004 Jannasch, H.W., Wheat, C.G., Plant, J. Kastner, M., and Stakes, D. Continuous chemical monitoring with osmotically pumped water samplers: OsmoSamplers design and applications. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods V. 2, 102-113.

2003 Carson, B., Kastner, M., Bartlett, D., Jaeger, J., Jannasch, H., and Weinstein, Y. Implications of carbon flux from the Cascadia accretionary prism: results from long-term measurements at ODP Site 892B. Mar. Geol., V. 198, 159-180.

2003 Wheat, C. G., Jannasch, H. W., Kastner, M., Plant, J., and DeCarlo, E. H. Seawater transport and reactions in upper oceanic basement: chemical data from continuous monitoring of sealed boreholes in ridge flank environment. Earth Planet. Sci, Letts., V. 216 549-654.

2003 Cobb, K.M., Charles, C.D., Cheng, H., Kastner, M., and Edwards, R.L. U/Th-dating living and young fossil corals from the central tropical Pacific. Earth Planet. Sci. Letts., V. 210, 91-103.

2003 Jannasch, H.W., Davis, E.E., Kastner, M., Morris, J.D., Pettigrew, T.L., Plant, J.N., Solomon, E.A., Villinger, H.W., and Wheat, C.G. CORK-II long-term monitoring of fluid chemistry, fluxes, and hydrology in instrumented boreholes at the Costa Rica subduction Zone. In: Morris, J.D., Villinger, H.W., Klaus,A. e. al, Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program V. 205, 76-112.

2002 Paytan, A., Mearon, S., Cobb, K., and Kastner, M. Origin of marine barite deposits: Sr and S isotope characterization. Geology, 30: 745-750.

2002 Lückge, A. Kastner, M., Littke, R., and Cramer, B. Hydrocarbon gas in the Costa Rica subduction zone: primary composition and post-genetic alteration. Org. Geochem., 33: 933-943.

2002 Spivack, A.J., Kastner, M., and Ransom, B. Elemental and isotopic chloride geochemistry and fluid flow in the Nankai Trough. Geopys. Res. Lett., 29: 6-1 to 6-5.

2001 Fisher, A.T., Giambalvo, E., Sclater, J., Kastner, M., Ransom, B., Weinstein, Y., and Lonsdale, P. Heat flow, sediment and pore fluid chemistry, and hydrothermal circulation on the east flank of Alarcon Ridge, Gulf of California. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 188: 521-534.

2001 Aiello, I.W., Garrison, R.E., Moore, J.C., Kastner, M., and Stakes, D.J. Anatomy and origin of carbonate structures in a Miocene cold seep field. Geology. 29: 1111-1114.

2001 Valentine, D.L., Blanton, D.C., Reeburgh, W.S., and Kastner, M. Water column methane oxidation adjacent to an area of active hydrate dissolution, Eel River Basin. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65: 2633-2640.

2001. Gas hydrates in convergent margins: Formation, occurrence, geochemistry, and global significance. Geophysical Monograph 124, Washington D. C., American Geophysical Union 67-86.

2001 Kastner, M. Gas hydrates in convergent margins: formation, occurrence, geochemistry, and global significance. In: Natural Gas Hydrates: Occurrence, Distribution, and Detection, W. P. Dillon and C. K. Paull, eds., Amer. Geophys. Union, Geophys. Monog. 124, 67-86. 2001 Kastner, M. Hydrate, In: McGraw Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology.

2000 Kastner, M., Carson, B., Bartlett, D.B., Jaeger, J., Bidle, K., and Jannasch, H. An in-situ experiment of methane sequestration as gas hydrate, authigenic carbonate, and loss to the water column and/or atmosphere. In: Gas Hydrates, Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 912: 32-38, Holder and Bishnoi, eds.

2000 Kastner, M., Jannasch, H., Weinstein, Y., and Martin, J. A new sampler for monitoring fluid flow rates and chemistry from submarine sediments in hydrologically active regions. In: Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE, Ocean Eng. Soc. Conf. Proceeds.,109-112.

2000. Fluid flow paths in the Middle American Trench and Costa Rica Margin. Geology 28:679-682.

2000 Chan, L-H and Kastner, M. Lithium isotopic compositions of pore fluids and sediments at the Costa Rica Subduction Zone: implications for fluid processes and sediment contribution to arc volcanoes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 183: 275-290.

2000 Ruiz, F.M., Kastner, M., Paytan, A., Huertas, M.O., and Bernasconi, S.M. Geochemical evidence for enhanced productivity during S1 sapropel deposition in the eastern Mediterranean. Paleoceanography 15: 200-209.

2000 Silver, E., Kastner, M., Fisher, A., Morris, J., McIntosh, K., and Saffer, D. Fluid flow paths in the Middle America Trench and Costa Rica Margin. Geology 28: 679-682.

1999 Kim, D., Schuffert, J.D., and Kastner, M. Francolite authigenesis in California continental slope sediments and its implications for the marine P cycle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63: 3477-3485.

1999 Bennett, R.H., Ransom, B., Kastner, M., Baerwald, R., Hulbert, M.H., Sawyer, W.W., Olsen, H., and Lambert, M. Early marine sediment diagenesis: The role of organic matter in physical, biological, and geochemical properties and processes, California continental margin, Marine Geology 159: 7-34.

1999 Biddle, K.A., M. Kastner, and D.H. Bartlett. A phylogenetic analysis of microbial communities associated with methane hydrate containing marine fluids and sediments in the Cascadia margin (ODP Site 892B). FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 177: 101-108.

1999 Kastner, M. Oceanic minerals: their origin, nature of their environment, and significance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96: 3380-3387.

1999 Aiello, I.W., Stakes, D.S., Kastner, M., and Garrison, R.E. Carbonate vent structures in the upper Miocene Santa Cruz mudstone at Santa Cruz, California. In: Garrison, R.E., Aiello, I.W., and Moore, J.C., Pac. Sec. AAPG, 76: 35-51.

1998 Davis, E.E. and Kastner, M. The role of water in the lithosphere. In: Future of marine geology and geophysics (FUMAGES Report), Baker, P. and McNutt, M., eds., National Science Foundation, 260 pp.

1998 Kastner, M., Kvenvolden, K.A., and Lorenson, T.D. Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 156: 173-183.

1998 Ransom, B., Kim, D., Kastner, M., and Wainwright, S. Organic matter preservation on continental slope: importance of mineralogy and surface area. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 62: 1329-1345.

1998. Sulfur isotopic composition of Cenozoic seawater sulfate. Science 282:1459-1462.

1998 Paytan, A., Kastner, M., Campbell, D., and Thiemens, M.H. Sulfur isotopic composition of Cenozoic seawater sulfate. Science, 282: 1459-1462.

1999. Oceanic minerals: Their origin, nature of their environment, and significance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96:3380-3387.