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PONGANIS, PAUL

Research Physiologist

Degrees:

• B.S., University of California, Santa Cruz
• Ph.D., University of California, Santa Cruz
• M.D., Stanford University

Research Interests:

• Diving physiology and behavior

Honors and Awards:

• Physician of Excellence Award, San Diego County Medical Society, 2005, 2007
• Ponganis Icefall, Coulman Island, Antarctica, 2005

Mentoring:

• Williams, Cassondra (Graduate; 2004-2010)
• Meir, Jessica (Graduate; 2003-2009)
• Stockard, Torre (Post Doc; 2001-2003)
• van Dam, Robert (Post Doc; 1999-2001)
• Levenson, David (Graduate; 1997-2004)

Ponganis, P.J.., Stockard, T.K., Meir, J.U., Williams, C.L.., Ponganis, K.V., and Howard, R. 2009. O2 store management in diving emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 212: 217-224.

Shiomi, K., Sato, K., Mitamura, H., Arai, N., Naito, Y., and Ponganis, P.J. 2008. Effect of ocean current on the dead reckoning estimation of 3-D dive paths of emperor penguins. Aquatic Biology 3: 265-270.

Ponganis, P.J., Kreutzer, U., Stockard, T.K., Lin, P-C., Sailasuta, N., Tran, T-K., Hurd, R., and Jue, T. 2008. Blood flow and metabolic regulation in seal muscle during apnea. Journal of Experimental Biology 22: 3323-3332.

Kooyman, G.L., and Ponganis, P.J. 2008. The initial journey of juvenile emperor penguins. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17: 537-543.

Meir, J.U., Stockard, T.K., Williams, C.L., Ponganis, K.V., and Ponganis, P.J. 2008. Heart rate regulation and extreme bradycardia in diving emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 211: 1169-1179.

Barber-Meyer, S.M., Kooyman, G.L., and Ponganis, P.J. 2008. Trends in western Ross Sea emperor penguin chick abundances and their relationship to climate. Antarctic Science 20: 3-11.

Ponganis, P.J., Stockard, T.K., Meir, J.U., Williams, C.L., Ponganis, K.V., van Dam, R.P., and Howard, R. 2007. Returning on empty: extreme blood O2 depletion underlies dive capacity of emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology, 210:4279-4285.

Ponganis, P.J. and Stockard, T. K. 2007. The Antarctic toothfish: how common a prey for Weddell seals? Antarctic Science 19: 441-442.

Barber-Meyer, S.M., Kooyman, G.L., and Ponganis, P.J. 2007. Estimating the relative abundance of emperor penguins at inaccessible colonies using satellite imagery. Polar Biology 30: 1565-1570.

Stockard, T.K., Levenson, D.H., Berg, L., Fransioli, J.R., Baranov, E.A., and Ponganis, P.J. 2007. Blood oxygen depletion during rest-assoicated apneas of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Experimental Biology 210: 2607-2617.

Ponganis, P.J. 2007. Bio-logging of physiological parameters in higher marine vertebrates. Deep-Sea Reseearch II 54: 183-192.

Kooyman, G.L., Ainley, D.G., Ballard, G., and Ponganis, P.J. 2007 Effects of giant icebergs on two emperor penguin colonies in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Antarctic Science 19: 31-38.

Ponganis, P.J., Stockard, T. Knower, Levenson, D.H., Berg, L., and Baranov, E.A. 2006. Intravascular pressure profiles in elephant seals: hypotheses on the vena caval sphincter, extradural vein, and venous return to the heart. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 145: 123-130.

Ponganis, P.J., Stockard, T. Knower, Levenson, D.H., Berg, L., and Baranov, E.A. 2006. Cardiac output and muscle blood flow during rest-associated apneas of elephant seals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 144: 105-111.

Levenson, D.H., Ponganis, P.J., Crognale, M.A., Deegan II, J.F., Dizon, A., and Jacobs, G.H. 2006. Visual pigments of marine carnivores: pinnipeds, polar bear, and sea otter. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 192:833-843.

Stockard, T. Knower, Heil, J., Meir, J.U., Sato, K., Ponganis, K.V., and Ponganis, P.J. 2005. Air sac PO2 and oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 208: 2973- 2980.

Sato, K., Ponganis, P.J., Habara, Y., and Naito, Y. 2005. Emperor penguins adjust swim speed according to the above-water height of ice holes through which they exit. Journal of Experimental Biology 208: 2549-2554.

Spragg, R.G., Ponganis, P.J., Marsh, J. J., Rau, G.A., and Bernhard, W. 2004. Surfactant from diving aquatic mammals. Journal of Applied Physiology 96: 1626-1632.

Kooyman, G.L., and Ponganis, P.J. 2004. The icing of external recorders during the polar winter. In Naito, Y. Bio-Logging Science. Memoirs of the National Institute of Polar Research, Special Issue No. 58: 183-187. National Institute of Polar Research. Tokyo.

Ponganis, P.J., van Dam, R.P., Knower, T., Levenson, D.H., and Ponganis, K.V. 2004. Deep dives and aortic temperatures of emperor penguins: new directions for bio-logging at the isolated dive hole. In Naito, Y. Bio-Logging Science. Memoirs of the National Institute of Polar Research, Special Issue No. 58: 155-161. National Institute of Polar Research. Tokyo.

Ponganis, P.J., Van Dam, R.P., Levenson, D.H., Knower, T., Ponganis, K.V., and Marshall, G. (2003). Regional heterothermy and conservation of core temperature in emperor penguins diving under sea ice. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 135: 477-487.

Ponganis, P.J., Kooyman, G.L., and Ridgway, S.H. (2003). Comparative Diving Physiology. In (Brubakk, A.O., and Neuman, T.S.). Physiology and Medicine of Diving. Saunders. Edinburgh. 779pp.

Van Dam, R.P., Ponganis, P.J., Ponganis, K.V., Levenson, D.H., and Marshall, G. 2002. Stroke frequencies of emperor penguins diving under sea ice. Journal of Experimental Biology 205: 3769-3774.

Ponganis, P.J. (2002). Circulatory System. In (Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B, and Thewissen, J.G.M.) Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. San Diego. 1414pp.

Ponganis, P.J., Kreutzer, U., Sailasuta, N., Knower, T., Hurd, R., and Jue, T. (2002). Detection of myoglobin desaturation in Mirounga angustirostris during apnea. American Journal of Physiology 282: R267-R272.

Jobsis, P.D., Ponganis, P.J., and Kooyman, G.L. (2001). Effects of training on forced submersion responses in harbor seals. Journal of Experimental Biology 204: 3877-3885.

Nagy, K.A., Kooyman, G.L., and Ponganis, P.J. (2001). Energetic cost of foraging in free-diving emperor penguins. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 74: 541-547.

Ponganis, P.J., Van Dam, R.P., Knower, T., and Levenson, D.H. (2001). Temperature regulation in emperor penguins foraging under sea ice. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 129: 811-820.

Ancel, A., Starke, L.N., Ponganis, P.J., Van Dam, R., and Kooyman, G.L. (2000). Energetics of surface swimming in Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus Brandt). Journal of Experimental Biology 203: 3727-3731.

Ponganis, P.J., Van Dam, R.P., Marshall, G., Knower, T., and Levenson, D.H. (2000). Sub-ice foraging behavior of emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 203, 3275-3278.

Ponganis, P.J., and Kooyman, G.L. (2000). Diving physiology of birds: the influence of studies on polar species. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 126: 143-151.

Ponganis, P.J., Kooyman, G.L., Van Dam, R., and Le Maho, Y. (1999). Physiological responses of king penguins during simulated diving to 136m depth. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 2819-2822.

Ponganis, P.J. and Kooyman, G.L. (1999). Heart rate and electrocardiogram characteristics of a young California gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). Marine Mammal Science 15: 1198-1207.

Ponganis, P. J., Starke, L. N., Horning, M., and Kooyman, G. L. (1999). Development of diving capacity in emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 781-786.

Dolar, M.L.L., Suarez, P., Ponganis, P.J., and Kooyman, G.L. (1999). Myoglobin in pelagic small cetaceans. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 227-236.

Kooyman, G.L., Ponganis, P.J., and Howard, R. S. (1999). Diving Animals. In Lundgren, C.E.G. and Miller, J.N. (eds). The Lung at Depth. Marcel Dekker. N.Y. 686pp.

Crognale, M.A., Levenson, D.H., Ponganis, P.J., Deegan, II, J.F., and Jacobs, G.H. (1998). Cone spectral sensitivity in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) and implications for color vision. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76: 2114-2118.

Kooyman, G.L. and Ponganis, P.J. (1998). The physiological basis of diving to depth: birds and mammals. Annual Review of Physiology 60: 19-32.