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WEISS, RAY

Distinguished Professor of Geochemistry/

Associate Dean

Degrees:

• B.S., California Institute of Technology
• M.S., UCSD, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
• Ph.D., UCSD, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Research Interests:

• Distributions of trace gases in the global and regional atmosphere and in the oceans, with emphasis on halocarbons, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and methane.
• Geochemical tracers of circulation, mixing, chemical and biological processes in the atmosphere, world oceans and deep lakes.

Courses Recently Taught:

• SIO102: Introduction to Geochemistry

Honors and Awards:

• Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2006
• Fellow, American Geophysical Union, 1998
• Editor’s Citation for Excellence in Refereeing, Journal of Geophysical Research, Oceans Section, American Geophysical Union, 1997
• Vannerberg Lecturer in Chemistry, Chalmers Technical University and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, 1996

Mentoring:

• Shields, Jennifer Erin (Graduate; 2004-2008)
• Muehle, Jens (Post Doc; 2002-2007)
• Deeds, Daniel A. (Graduate; 2001-2008)
• Miller, Benjamin R. (Post Doc; 1998-2002)
• Tanhua, Toste (Post Doc; 1998-2001)
• Vollmer, Martin K. (Graduate; 1995-2002)
• Rhew, Robert C. (Graduate; 1994-2001)
• Walker, Stephen J. (Post Doc; 1994-2000)
• Min, Dong-Ha (Graduate; 1992-1999)
• Miller, Benjamin R. (Graduate; 1990-1998)
• Dlugokencky, Edward (Undergrad; 1981-1981)
• Jahnke, Richard A. (Post Doc; 1981-1983)
• Warner, Mark J. (Graduate; 1981-1988)
• Bullister, John L. (Graduate; 1979-1984)

Miller, B. R., J. Huang, R. F. Weiss, R. G. Prinn and P. J. Fraser, Atmospheric trend and lifetime of chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) and the global tropospheric OH concentration, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13,237-13,248, 1998.

Broecker, W. S., S. L. Peacock, S. Walker, R. Weiss, E. Fahrbach, M. Schroeder, U. Mikolajewicz, C. Heinze, R. Key, T.-H. Peng and S. Rubin, How much deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? J. Geophys. Res., 103, 15,833-15,843, 1998.

Simmonds, P. G., D. M. Cunnold, R. F. Weiss, B. R. Miller, R. G. Prinn, P. J. Fraser, A. McCulloch, F. N. Alyea and S. O’Doherty, Global trends and emission estimates of CCl4 from in situ background observations from July 1978 to June 1996, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16,017-16,027, 1998.

Jacobs, S. S., and R. F. Weiss (editors), Ocean, Ice and Atmosphere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin, Antarctic Research Series, v. 75, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C., 380 pp., 1998.

Prinn, R. G., R. Zander, D. M. Cunnold, J. W. Elkins, A. Engel, P. J. Fraser, M. R. Gunson, M. K. W. Ko, E. Mahieu, P. M. Midgley, J. M. Russell III, C. M. Volk and R. F. Weiss, Long-Lived Ozone-Related Compounds, Chapter 1 in: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998. World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report 44, Geneva, 54 pp., 1999.

Kurylo, M. J., J. M. Rodriguez, M. O. Andreae, E. L. Atlas, D. R. Blake, J. H. Butler, S. Lal, D. J. Lary, P. M. Midgley, S. A. Montzka, P. C. Novelli, C. E. Reeves, P. G. Simmonds, L. P. Steele, W. T. Sturges, R. F. Weiss and Y. Yokouchi, Short-Lived Ozone-Related Compounds, Chapter 2 in: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998. World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report 44, Geneva, 56 pp., 1999.

Weiss, R. F., Nitrous Oxide, in: Encyclopedia of Global Change: Environmental Change and Human Society, A. S. Goudie (editor), Oxford, New York, 2, 140-141, 2002.

Lefèvre, N. L., A. J. Watson, D. J. Cooper, R. F. Weiss, T. Takahashi and S. C. Sutherland, Assessing the seasonality of the oceanic sink for CO2 in the Northern Hemisphere, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 273-286, 1999.

Walker, S. J., R. F. Weiss and P. K. Salameh, Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113 and carbon tetrachloride, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14,285-14,296, 2000.

84. Rhew, R. C., B. R. Miller and R. F. Weiss, Natural methyl bromide and methyl chloride emissions from coastal salt marshes, Nature, 403, 292-295, 2000.

Prinn, R. G., R. F. Weiss, P. J. Fraser, P. G. Simmonds, D. M. Cunnold, F. N. Alyea, S. O’Doherty, P. Salameh, B. R. Miller, J. Huang, R. H. J. Wang, D. E. Hartley, C. Harth, L. P. Steele, G. Sturrock, P. M. Midgley and A. McCulloch, A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17,751-17,792, 2000.

Takahashi, T., R. H. Wanninkhof, R. A. Feely, R. F. Weiss, D. W. Chipman, N. Bates, J. Olafsson, C. Sabine and S. C. Sutherland, Net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans based on the sea-air pCO2 difference, Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on CO2 in the Oceans, Y. Nojiri (editor), CGER-1037-’99, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 9-15, 1999.

Vollmer, M. K., R. F. Weiss and H. A. Bootsma, Ventilation of Lake Malawi/Nyasa, in: The East African Great Lakes: Limnology, Paleoclimatology and Biodiversity, D. O. Olago and E. O. Odada (editors), Kluwer, Amsterdam, pp. 209-233, 2002. Min, D.-H., J. L. Bullister and R. F. Weiss, Constant ventilation age of thermocline water in the eastern subtropical North Pacific Ocean from chlorofluorocarbon measurements over a 12-year period, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3909-3912, 2000.

Rhein, M., J. Fischer, W. M. Smethie, Jr., D. Smythe-Wright, R. F. Weiss, C. Mertens, D.-H. Min, U. Fleischmann and A. Putzka, Labrador Sea Water: pathways, CFC inventory and formation rates, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 648-665, 2002.

Prinn, R. G., J. Huang, R. F. Weiss, D. M. Cunnold, P. J. Fraser, P. G. Simmonds, A. McCulloch, C. Harth, P. Salameh, S. O’Doherty, R. H. J. Wang, L. Porter and B. R. Miller, Evidence for substantial variations of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals in the past two decades, Science, 292, 1882-1888, 2001.

Klatt, O., W. Roether, M. Hoppema, K. Bulsiewicz, U. Fleischmann, C. Rodehacke, E. Fahrbach, R. F. Weiss and J. L. Bullister, Repeated CFC sections at the Greenwich Meridian in the Weddell Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 107, No. C4, doi:10.1029/2000JC00731, 2002.

Rhew, R. C., B. R. Miller, M. K. Vollmer and R. F. Weiss, Shrubland fluxes of methyl bromide and methyl chloride, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20,875-20,882, 2001.

O’Doherty, S., P. G. Simmonds, D. M. Cunnold, H. J. Wang, G. A. Sturrock, P. J. Fraser, D. Ryall, R. G. Derwent, R. F. Weiss, P. Salameh, B. R. Miller and R. G. Prinn, In situ chloroform measurements at Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment atmospheric research stations from 1994 to 1998, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20,429-20,445, 2001.

Alexander, B., M. K. Vollmer, T. Jackson, R. F. Weiss and M. H. Thiemens, Stratospheric CO2 isotopic anomalies and SF6 and CFC tracer concentrations in the Arctic polar vortex, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4103-4106, 2001, and; Correction to ‘‘Stratospheric CO2 isotopic anomalies and SF6 and CFC tracer concentrations in the Arctic polar vortex’’, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, No. 5, doi:10.1029/2002GL014749, 2002.

Vollmer, M. K., and R. F. Weiss, Simultaneous determination of sulfur hexafluoride and three chlorofluorocarbons in water and air, Mar. Chem., 78, 137-148, 2002.

Bill, M., R. C. Rhew, R. F. Weiss and A. H. Goldstein, Carbon isotope ratios of methyl bromide and methyl chloride emitted from a coastal salt marsh, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, No. 4, doi:10.1029/2001GL012946, 2002.

Rhew, R. C., B. R. Miller, A. H. Goldstein and R. F. Weiss, Environmental and biological controls on methyl halide emissions from southern California coastal salt marshes, Biogeochemistry, 60, 141-161, 2002.

Vollmer, M. K., R. F. Weiss, P. Schlosser and R. T. Williams, Deep-water renewal in Lake Issyk-Kul, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, No. 8, doi:10.1029/2002GL014763, 2002.

Min, D.-H., J. L. Bullister and R. F. Weiss, Anomalous chlorofluorocarbons in the Southern California Borderland Basins, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, No. 20, doi:10.1029/2002GL015408, 2002. Vollmer, M. K., R. F. Weiss, R. T. Williams, K. K. Falkner, X. Qiu, E. A. Ralph and V. V. Romanovsky, Physical and chemical properties of the waters of saline lakes and their importance for deep-water renewal: Lake Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 4235-4246, 2002.

Cunnold, D. M., L. P. Steele, P. J. Fraser, P. G. Simmonds, R. G. Prinn, R. F. Weiss, L. W. Porter, S. O’Doherty, R. L. Langenfelds, P. B. Krummel, H. J. Wang, L. Emmons, X. X. Tie and E. J. Dlugokencky, In situ measurements of atmospheric methane at GAGE/AGAGE sites during 1985–2000 and resulting source inferences, J. Geophys. Res., 107, No. D14, doi:10.1029/2001JD001226, 2002.

Waugh, D. W., M. K. Vollmer, R. F. Weiss, T. W. N. Haine and T. M. Hall, Transit time distributions in Lake Issyk-Kul, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, No. 24, doi:10.1029/2002GL016201, 2002.

Lueker, T. J., S. J. Walker, M. K. Vollmer, R. F. Keeling, C. D. Nevison, R. F. Weiss and H. E. Garcia, Coastal upwelling air-sea fluxes revealed in atmospheric observations of O2/N2, CO2 and N2O, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, No. 6, 1292, doi:10.1029/2003GL016615, 2003.

Simmonds, P. G., R. G. Derwent, A. J. Manning, P. J. Fraser, P. B. Krummel, S. O’Doherty, R. G. Prinn, D. M. Cunnold, B. R. Miller, H. J. Wang, D. B. Ryall, L. W. Porter, R. F. Weiss and P. K. Salameh, AGAGE observations of methyl bromide and methyl chloride at Mace Head, Ireland, and Cape Grim, Tasmania, 1998-2001, J. Atmos. Chem., 47, 243-269, 2004.

Montzka, S. A., P. J. Fraser, J. H. Butler, P. S. Connell, D. M. Cunnold, J. S. Daniel, R. G. Derwent, S. Lal, A. McCulloch, D. E. Oram, C. E. Reeves, E. Sanhueza, L. P. Steele, G. J. M. Velders, R. F. Weiss and R. J. Zander, Controlled Substances and Other Source Gases, Chapter 1 in: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002. World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report 47, Geneva, 83 pp., 2003.

Nevison, C. D., T. J. Lueker and R. F. Weiss, Quantifying the nitrous oxide source from coastal upwelling, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB1018, doi:10.1029/2003GB002110, 2004.

O’Doherty, S., D. M. Cunnold, A. Manning, B. R. Miller, R. H. J. Wang, P. B. Krummel, P. J. Fraser, P. G. Simmonds, A. McCulloch, R. F. Weiss, P. Salameh, L. W. Porter, R. G. Prinn, J. Huang, G. Sturrock, D. Ryall, R. G. Derwent and S. A. Montzka, Rapid growth of hydrofluorocarbon 143a and hydrochlorofluorocarbons 141b, 142b, and 22 from Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) observations at Cape Grim, Tasmania, and Mace Head, Ireland, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06310, doi:10.1029/2003JD004277, 2004.

108. Nevison, C. D., D. E. Kinnison and R. F. Weiss, Stratospheric influences on the tropospheric seasonal cycles of nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L20103, doi:10.1029/2004GL020398, 2004.

Fraser, P. J., L. W. Porter, S. B. Baly, P. B. Krummel, B. L. Dunse, L. P. Steele, N. Derek, R. L. Langenfelds, I. Levin, D. E. Oram, J. W. Elkins, M. K. Vollmer and R. F. Weiss, Sulfur hexafluoride at Cape Grim: long term trends and regional emissions, Baseline 2001-2002, 18-23, Australian Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Melbourne, 2004.

Reimann, S., A. J. Manning, P. G. Simmonds, D. M. Cunnold, R. H. J. Wang, J. Li, A. Mc.Culloch, R. G. Prinn, J. Huang, R. F. Weiss, P. J. Fraser, S. O’Doherty, B. R. Greally, K. Stemmler, M. Hill and D. Folini, Low European methyl chloroform emissions inferred from long-term atmospheric measurements, Nature, 433, 506-508, 2005.

Vollmer, M. K., H. A. Bootsma, R. E. Hecky, G. Patterson, J. D. Halfman, J. M. Edmond, D. H. Eccles and R. F. Weiss, Deep-water warming trend in Lake Malawi, East Africa, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 727-732, 2005.

Nevison, C. D., R. F. Keeling, R. F. Weiss, B. N. Popp, X. Jin, P. J. Fraser, L. W. Porter and P. G. Hess, Southern Ocean ventilation inferred from seasonal cycles of atmospheric N2O and O2/N2 at Cape Grim, Tasmania, Tellus, 57B, 218-229, 2005.

Prinn, R. G., J. Huang, R. F. Weiss, D. M. Cunnold, P. J. Fraser, P. G. Simmonds, A. McCulloch, C. Harth, S. Reimann, P. Salameh, S. O’Doherty, R. H. J. Wang, L. W. Porter, B. R. Miller and P. B. Krummel, Evidence for variability of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals over the past quarter century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07809, doi:10.1029/2004GL022228, 2005.

Li, J., D. M. Cunnold, H.-J. Wang, R. F. Weiss, B. R. Miller, C. Harth, P. Salameh and J. M. Harris, Halocarbon emissions estimated from Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment measured pollution events at Trinidad Head, California, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D14308, doi:10.1029/2004JD005739, 2005.

Greally, B. R., P. G. Simmonds, S. O’Doherty, A. McCulloch, B. R. Miller, P. K. Salameh, J. Mühle, T. Tanhua, C. Harth, R. F. Weiss, P. J. Fraser, P. B. Krummel, B. L. Dunse, L. W. Porter and R. G. Prinn, Improved continuous in situ measurements of C1-C3 PFCs, HFCs, HCFCs, CFCs and SF6 in Europe and Australia, Environ. Sciences, 2, 253-261, 2005.

Simmonds, P. G., A. J. Manning, D. M. Cunnold, A. McCulloch, S. O’Doherty, R. G. Derwent, P. B. Krummel, P. J. Fraser, B. Dunse, L. W. Porter, R. H. J. Wang, B. R. Greally, B. R. Miller, P. Salameh, R. F. Weiss, and R. G. Prinn, Global trends, seasonal cycles and European emissions of dichloromethane, trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene from the AGAGE observations at Mace Head, Ireland, and Cape Grim, Tasmania, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D18304, doi:10.1029/2006JD007082, 2006.

Mühle, J., T. J. Lueker, Y. Su, B. R. Miller, K. A. Prather, and R. F. Weiss, Trace gas and particulate emissions from the 2003 southern California wildfires, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D03307, doi:10.1029/2006JD007350, 2007.

Greally, B. R., A. J. Manning, S. Reimann, A. McCulloch, J. Huang, B. L. Dunse, P. G. Simmonds, R. G. Prinn, P. J. Fraser, D. M. Cunnold, S. O’Doherty, L. W. Porter, K. Stemmler, M. K. Vollmer, C. R. Lunder, N. Schmidbauer, O. Hermansen, J. Arduini, P. K. Salameh, P. B. Krummel, R. H. J. Wang, D. Folini, R. F. Weiss, M. Maione, G. Nickless, F. Stordal, and R. G. Derwent, Observations of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) at AGAGE and SOGE monitoring stations in 1994-2004 and derived global and regional emission estimates, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D06308, doi:10.1029/2006JD007527, 2007.

Clerbaux, C, D. M. Cunnold, J. Anderson, A. Engel, P. J. Fraser, E. Mahieu, A. Manning, J. Miller, S. A. Montzka, R. Nassar, R. Prinn, S. Reimann, C. P. Rinsland, P. Simmonds, D. Verdonik, R. Weiss, D. Wuebbles and Y. Yokouchi, Long-Lived Compounds, Chapter 1 in: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006. World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report 50, Geneva, 83 pp., 2007.

Nevison, C. D., N. M. Mahowald, R. F. Weiss and R. G. Prinn, Interannual and seasonal variability in atmospheric N2O, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB3017, doi:10.1029/2006GB002755, 2007.

Xiao, X., R. G. Prinn, P. G. Simmonds, L. P. Steele, P. C. Novelli, J. Huang, R. L. Langenfelds, S. O’Doherty, P. B. Krummel, P. J. Fraser, L. W. Porter, R. F. Weiss, P. Salameh and R. H. J. Wang, Optimal estimation of the soil uptake rate of molecular hydrogen from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment and other measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D07303, doi:10.1029/2006JD007241, 2007.

Forster, P., V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D. W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D. C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz, R. van Dorland, G. Bodeker, O. Boucher, W. D. Collins, T. J. Conway, E. Dlugokencky, J. W. Elkins, D. Etheridge, P. Foukal, P. Fraser, M. Geller, F. Joos, C. D. Keeling, R. Keeling, S. Kinne, K. Lassey, U. Lohmann, A. C. Manning, S. Montzka, D. Oram, K. O’Shaughnessy, S. Piper, G.-K. Plattner, M. Ponater, N. Ramankutty, G. Reid, D. Rind, K. Rosenlof, R. Sausen, D. Schwarzkopf, S. K. Solanki, G. Stenchikov, N. Stuber, T. Takemura, C. Textor, R. Wang, R. Weiss and T. Whorf, Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, Chapter 2 in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (editors), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 129-234, 2007.

123. Deeds, D. A., M. K. Vollmer, J. T. Kulongoski, B. R. Miller, J. Mühle, C. M. Harth, J. A. Izbicki, D. R. Hilton, and R. F. Weiss, Evidence for crustal degassing of CF4 and SF6 in Mojave Desert groundwaters, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 72, 999-1013, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.027, 2008.

124. Miller, B. R., R. F. Weiss, P. K. Salameh, T. Tanhua, B. R. Greally, J. Mühle, and P. G. Simmonds, Medusa: a sample preconcentration and GC/MS detector system for in situ measurements of atmospheric trace halocarbons, hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds, Anal. Chem., 80, 1536-1545, 2008.

Fine, R. A., W. M. Smethie, Jr., J. L. Bullister, M. Rhein, D.-H. Min, M. J. Warner, A. Poisson and R. F. Weiss, Decadal ventilation and mixing of Indian Ocean waters, Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 55, 20-37, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2007.10.002, 2008.

Huang, J., A. Golombek, R. Prinn, R. Weiss, P. Fraser, P. Simmonds, E. Dlugokencky, B. Hall, J. Elkins, P. Steele, R. Langenfelds, P. Krummel, G. Dutton and L. Porter, Estimation of regional emissions of nitrous oxide from 1997 to 2005 using multinetwork measurements, a chemical transport model, and an inverse method, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D17313, doi:10.1029/2007JD009381, 2008.

Petrenko, V. V., J. P. Severinghaus, E. J. Brook, J. Mühle, M. Headly, C. M. Harth, H. Schaefer, N. Reeh, R. F. Weiss, D. Lowe and A. M. Smith, A novel method for obtaining very large ancient air samples from ablating glacial ice for analyses of methane radiocarbon, J. Glaciol., 54, No. 185, 233-244, 2008.

Deeds, D. A., J. Mühle and R. F. Weiss, Tetrafluoromethane in the deep North Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L14606, doi:10.1029/2008GL034355, 2008.

LeBel, D. A., W. M. Smethie Jr., M. Rhein, D. Kieke, R. A. Fine, J. L. Bullister, D.-H. Min, W. Roether, R. F. Weiss, C. Andrie, D. Smythe-Wright and E. P. Jones, The formation rate of North Atlantic Deep Water and Eighteen Degree Water calculated from CFC-11 inventories observed during WOCE, Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 55, 891-910, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.009, 2008.

Rhew, R. C., B. R. Miller and R. F. Weiss, Chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform fluxes in southern California ecosystems, Atmos. Env., 42, 7135-7140, 2008.

Weiss, R. F., J. Mühle, P. K. Salameh and C. M. Harth, Nitrogen trifluoride in the global atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20821, doi:10.1029/2008GL035913, 2008.

Rigby, M., R. G. Prinn, P. J. Fraser, P. G. Simmonds, R. L. Langenfelds, J. Huang, D. M. Cunnold, L. P. Steele, P. B. Krummel, R. F. Weiss, S. O’Doherty, P. K. Salameh, H. J. Wang, C. M. Harth, J. Mühle and L. W. Porter, Renewed growth of atmospheric methane, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, in press, doi:10.1029/2008GL036037, 2008.

Papadimitriou, V. C., R. W. Portmann, D. W. Fahey, J. Mühle, R. F. Weiss and J. B. Burkholder, Experimental and theoretical study of the atmospheric chemistry and global warming potential of SO2F2, J. Phys. Chem. A, in press, 2008.