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KEELING, RALPH

Professor

Degrees:

• B.S., Yale University, Connecticut
• Ph.D., Harvard University

Research Interests:

• Measurements of variations in atmospheric oxygen
• Recent perturbations to the global carbon cycle
• Air-sea gas exchange
• Detection of ocean heat storage and transport using atmospheric gases
• Paleoclimate theory

Courses Recently Taught:

• SIO 117: Physical Basis of Global Warmg
• SIO 252A: Intro to Isotope Geochemistry
• SIO 267: Biogeochemistry
• SIO117: Physical Basis of Global Warmg
• SIO144: Intro to Isotope Geochemistry
• SIO252A: Intro to Isotope Geochemistry
• SIO260: Marine Chemistry
• SIO267: Biogeochemistry

Honors and Awards:

• H. Burr Steinbach Scholar at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1998
• Outstanding Publication Award from NCAR, 1992
• Rosenstiel Award, University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 1992

Mentoring:

• Welp, Lisa (Post Doc; 2008-)
• Bent, Jonathan (Graduate; 2006-)
• Bozec, Yann (Post Doc; 2005-2008)
• Rafelski, Lauren (Graduate; 2005-)
• Hamme, Roberta (Post Doc; 2003-2006)
• Graven, Heather (Graduate; 2001-2008)
• Blaine, Tegan (Graduate; 1999-2005)
• Garcia, Hernan (Graduate; 1998-2001)
• Lueker, Tim (Post Doc; 1998-2001)
• Stephens, Britton (Graduate; 1995-1999)
• Manning, Andrew (Graduate; 1993-2001)
• Perks, Helen (Graduate; 1993-1999)

Keeling, R.F., 1988, "Measuring correlations in atmospheric O2 and CO2 mole fractions: a preliminary study in urban air", Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 7, 153-176.

Keeling, R.F., 1991, "Mechanisms for stabilization and destabilization of a simple biosphere: catastrophe on Daisyworld, in Scientists on Gaia, S. Schneider and P. Boston eds., MIT press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pages 118-120.

Keeling, R.F., Shertz, S.R., 1992, "Seasonal and interannual variations in atmospheric oxygen and implications for the global carbon cycle" Nature, 358, 723-727.

Keeling, R.F., Shertz, S.R., 1992, "Variations in Atmospheric Molecular Oxygen at Mauna Loa", in Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, No. 20, Summary Report 1991, E. E. Ferguson and R. M. Rosson, eds., Boulder, 103-104.

Keeling, R.F., Bender, M.L., Najjar, RG., Tans, P.P.,1993, "What atmospheric oxygen measurements can tell us about the global carbon cycle", Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 7, 37-67.

Keeling, R.F., 1993, "On the role of large bubbles in air-sea gas exchange and supersaturation in the ocean", Journal of Marine Research, 51, 237-271.

Tans, P.P., Berry, J.A. Keeling, R.F., 1993, "Oceanic 13C data: a new window on CO2 uptake by the oceans", Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 7, 353-369.

Volk, T., Keeling, R., 1993, "Summary of workshop on interannual variations in the carbon cycle", in The Global Carbon Cycle, M. Heimann, ed., Springer Verlag, 579-581.

Keeling, R. F., 1993, "Heavy carbon dioxide", Nature, 363, 399-400.

Keeling, R.F., Manning, A.C., 1994, "Recent variations in atmospheric oxygen and implications for the global carbon cycle", in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Global Cycles of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, 235-240.

Manning, A.C., Keeling, R.F., 1995, "Correlations in short-term variations in atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory", Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, No. 22, Summary Report 1993, J. T. Peterson, R. M. Rosson eds., Boulder, 121-123.

Keeling, R.F., Peng, T.-H.,1995, "Transport of heat, CO2, and O2 by the Atlantic's thermohaline circulation", Philosphical Transactions of the Royal Society, 348, 133-142.

Keeling, R.F., 1995, "The atmospheric oxygen cycle: the oxygen isotopes of atmospheric CO2 and O2 and the O2/N2 ratio", Reviews of Geophysics, Supplement, U.S. National Report to the IUGG 1991-1994, 1253-1262.

Keeling, R.F., Severinghaus, J.P., 2000, "Atmospheric oxygen measurements and the carbon cycle", Global Change Institute, Proceedings on the Carbon Cycle, T.M.L. Wigley and D.S. Schimel, Eds. Cambridge University Press, New York, 134-140.

Keeling, R.F., Piper, S.C., Heimann, M., 1996, "Global and hemispheric CO2 sinks deduced from changes in atmospheric O2 concentration", Nature, 381, 218-221.

Severinghaus, J.P. Bender, M.L., Keeling, R.F., Broecker, W.S., 1996, "Fractionation of soil gases by diffusion of water vapour, gravitational settling, and thermal diffusion", Geochimica et Cosmochemica Acta, 60, 1005-1018.

Najjar, R.G., Keeling, R.F., 1997, "Analysis of the mean annual cycle of the dissolved oxygen anomaly in the world ocean", Journal of Marine Research, 55, 117-151.

Severinghaus, J.P., Keeling, R.F., Miller, B.R. Weiss, R.F., Deck, B., Broecker, W.S., 1997, "Feasibility of using sand dunes as archives of old air", J. Geophys. Res., Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 16783-16792.

Perks, H., Keeling, R.F., 1998, "A 400 kyr record of combustion oxygen demand in the western equatorial Pacific: Evidence for a precessionally forced climate response”, Paleoceanography, 13, 63-69.

Keeling, R.F., Stephens, B.B., Najjar, R.G., Doney, S.C., Archer, D., Heimann, M., 1998, "Seasonal Variations in the atmospheric O2/N2 ratio in relation to kinetics of air-sea gas exchange", Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 12, 141-163.

Keeling, R.F., McEvoy, E., Manning, A.C., Shertz, S.R., 1998, "Methods for measuring changes in atmospheric O2 concentration and their application to southern hemisphere air", Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 3381-3397.

Staudigel, H., Albarede, F., Blichert-Toft, J., Edmond, J., McDonough, B., Jacobsen, S.B., Keeling, R., Langmuir, C.H., Nielsen, R.L., Plank, T., Rudnick, R., Shaw, H.F., Shirey, S., Veizer, J., White, W., 1998, “Geochemical Earth Reference Model (GERM): description of the initiative”, Chemical Geology, 145, 153-159, 1998.

Stephens, B.B., Keeling, R.F., Heimann, M., Six, K.D., Murnane, R., Caldeira, K.,1988, "Testing global ocean carbon cycle models using measurements of atmospheric O2 and CO2 concentration", Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 12, 213-230.

Bender, M.L., Battle, M., Keeling, R.F., 1998, “The O2 balance of the atmosphere: a tool for studying the fate of fossil-fuel CO2", Annual Rev. Energy Environ., 23, 207-223.

Langenfelds, R.L., Francey, R.J., Steele, L.P., Battle, M., Keeling, R.F., Budd, W.F., 1999, “Partitioning of the global fossil CO2 sink using a 19-year trend in atmospheric O2", Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 1897-1900.

Keeling, R.F., McEvoy, E.M., Manning, A.C., 1999, “Atmospheric oxygen concentrations at Alert Station in relation to the global carbon cycle, in Canadian Baseline Program: Summary of Progress to 1998”, Environment Canada, Atmospheric Environment Service, pages 5-31 to 5-34, 1999.

Najjar, R.G., Keeling, R.F., 2000, “The mean annual cycle of the air-sea oxygen flux: a global view”, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14, 1107-1115.

Manning, A.C., Keeling, R.F., Severinghaus, J.P., 1999, “Precise atmospheric oxygen measurements with a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer”, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13, 1107-1115.

Stephens, B.B., Wofsy, S.C., Keeling, R.F., Tans, P.P., 2000, “The CO2 budget and rectification airborne study”, in Inverse Methods in Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Geophysical Monograph 114, American Geophysical Union, pages 311-324.

Stephens, B.B., Keeling, R.F., 2000, “The influence of Antarctic sea ice on glacial-interglacial CO2 variations”, Nature, 404, 171-174.

Keeling, R.F., Stephens, B.B., 2001, “Antarctic sea ice and the control of Pleistocene climate instability”, Paleoceanography, 16, 112-131.

Keeling, R.F., Stephens, B.B., 2001, “Correction to “Antarctic sea ice and the control of Pleistocene climate instability” by Ralph F. Keeling and Britton, B. Stephens”, Paleoceanography, 16, 330-334.

Lueker, T.J., Keeling, R.F., Dubey, M., 2001, “The oxygen to carbon dioxide ratios observed in emissions from a wildfire in Northern California”, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 2413-2416.

Keeling, R.F., Visbeck, M., 2001, “Antarctic stratification and glacial CO2”, Nature, Nature, 412, 605-606.

Garcia, H.E., Keeling, R.F., 2001, “On the global oxygen anomaly and air-sea flux”, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 31155-31166.

Keeling, R.F., Garcia, H., 2002, “The change in atmospheric O2 inventory associated with recent global warming”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(12), 7848-7853.

Keeling, R.F., 2002, “On the freshwater forcing of the thermohaline circulation in the limit of low diapycnal mixing”, Journal of Geophysical Research – Oceans, 107, art. no. 3077.

Perks, H.M., Charles, C.D., Keeling, R.F., 2002, “Precessionally forced productivity variations across the equatorial Pacific”, Paleoceanography, 17(3), art. no. 1037.

Lueker T.J., Walker S.J., Vollmer M.K., Keeling R.F., Nevison C.D., Weiss R.F., Garcia H.E., 2003. Coastal upwelling air sea fluxes revealed in atmospheric observations of O2/N2, CO2 and N2O. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(6), art. no. 1292.

Stephens B.B., Keeling R.F., Paplawsky, W., 2003. Shipboard measurements of atmospheric oxygen using a vacuum-ultraviolet absorption technique, Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 55B, 857-878.

Le Quere C., Aumont O., Bopp L., Bousquet P., Ciais P., Francey R., Heimann M., Keeling C.D., Keeling R.F., Kheshgi H., Peylin P., Piper S.C., Prentice I.C., Rayner P.J., 2003, “Two decades of ocean CO2 sink and variability”, Tellus Series B Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 55(2), 649 656.

Manning A.C., Keeling R.F., Katz L.E., Paplawsky W.J., McEvoy E. M., 2003, “Interpreting the seasonal cycles of atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations at American Samoa Observatory”, Geophysical Research Letters, 30(6), art. no.-1333.

Battle M., Bender M., Hendricks M.B., Ho D.T., Mika R., McKinley G., Fan S.-M., Blaine T., Keeling R.F., 2003, “Measurements and models of the atmospheric Ar/N2 ratio”, Geophysical Research Letters, 30(15), art. no. 1786.

Keeling, R.F., Blaine, T., Paplawsky, B., Katz, L., Atwood, C., Brockwell, T., 2004, “Measurement of changes in atmospheric Ar/N2 ratio using a rapid-switching, single-capillary mass spectrometer system”, Tellus B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 56B, 322-338.

Keeling, R.F., 2005, Comment on "The ocean sink for anthropogenic CO2": Science, 308, doi:10.1126/science.1109620

Keeling, R.F., Visbeck, M., 2005, “Northern ice discharges and Antarctic warming: could ocean eddies provide the link?”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 24, 1809-1820.

Nevison, C.D., Keeling, R.F., Weiss, R.F., Popp, B.N., Jin, X., Fraser, P.J., Porter, L.W., Hess, P.G., 2005, “Southern Ocean ventilation inferred from seasonal cycles of atmospheric N2O and O2/N2 at Cape Grim, Tasmania”, Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 57, 218-229.

Adachi, Y., Kawamura, K., Armi, L., Keeling, R.F., 2006, “Diffusive separation of the lower atmosphere”, Science, 311, 1429. Blaine, T.W., Keeling, R.F. and Paplawsky, W.J., 2006, “An improved inlet for precisely measuring the atmospheric Ar/N2 ratio”, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6, 1181–1184.

Manning, A.C. and Keeling, R.F., 2006. “Global oceanic and land biotic carbon sinks from the Scripps atmospheric oxygen flask sampling network.”, Tellus, 58B, 95-116.

Battle, M., Mikaloff-Fletcher, S.E., Bender, M.L., Keeling, R F., Manning, A.C., Gruber, N., Tans, P.P., Hendricks, M.B., Ho, D.T., Simonds, C., Mika, R., Paplawsky, B., 2006, “Atmospheric potential oxygen: New observations and their implications for some atmospheric and oceanic models”, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20, art. No. GB1010.

Rahmstorf, S., Cazenave, A., Church, J.A., Hansen, J.E., Keeling, R.F., Parker, D.E., Somerville, R.C., 2007, “Recent climate observations compared to projections”, Science, 316, 709.

Keeling, R.F., Manning, A.C., Paplawsky, W.J., Cox, A.C., 2007, “On the long-term stability of reference gases for atmospheric O2/N2 and CO2 measurements”, Tellus, 59B, 3-14.

Keeling, R.F, 2007, “Deglaciation Mysteries”, Science, 316, 1440-1441, 2007.

Graven, H.D., Guilderson, T.P. and Keeling, R.F., 2007, “Methods for high-precision C-14 AMS measurement of atmospheric CO2 at LLNL”, Radiocarbon, 49(2), 349-356.

Keeling, R.F., 2008, “Recording Earth's vital signs”, Science, 319, 1771-1772.

Hamme, R.C., Keeling, R.F., “Ocean ventilation as a driver of interannual variability in atmospheric potential oxygen”. Tellus-B, 60(5), 706-717, 2008.

Rődenbeck, C., Le Quere, C., Heimann, M. and Keeling, R.F., 2008. Interannual variability in oceanic biogeochemical processes inferred by inversion of atmospheric O2/N2 and CO2 data. Tellus B, 60(5), 685-705, 2008.